王濡岳;王兴华;龚大建;尹帅;付福全;陈恩;

• 1:中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院
• 2:中国地质大学(北京)能源学院
• 3:中国国储能源化工集团股份公司
• 4:西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院

摘要：

黔东南地区下寒武统发育牛蹄塘组与变马冲组两套黑色页岩,利用岩心、薄片观察、样品矿物组分、总有机碳(TOC)质量分数和岩石力学性质等,分析页岩裂缝发育特征及主控因素。结果表明:牛蹄塘组页岩裂缝以构造缝为主,构造缝主要为高角度剪性缝、张/压扭性裂缝及低角度滑脱缝;变马冲组二段页岩裂缝以非构造缝为主,主要为层理缝和层间缝。张/压扭性裂缝与低角度滑脱缝充填程度低、有效性高,能够改善储层孔渗能力。裂缝发育受构造因素、岩性与矿物组分、TOC质量分数及地层厚度等因素影响,裂缝密度与页岩脆性具有良好相关关系;TOC质量分数的增加有利于层间缝、低角度滑脱缝及张/压扭性裂缝发育。牛蹄塘组和变马冲组二段页岩TOC质量分数、石英质量分数、脆性及裂缝密度具有良好耦合关系;牛蹄塘组中部TOC质量分数(大于6.00%)过高层段裂缝总量降低,但低角度滑脱缝与张/压扭性裂缝比例增大,裂缝有效性增强。该结果对中国南方页岩气勘探开发具有参考意义。

关键词： 页岩;裂缝;发育特征;主控因素;下寒武统;牛蹄塘组;变马冲组;黔东南地区

Abstract: There are two sets of black shale in the Niutitang and Bianmachong formations having developed in the lower Cambrian of southeastern Guizhou area.Based on the fracture observation of core and thin section and test data of corresponding samples,the characteristics and dominant controlling factors of shale fracture were comparatively analyzed and discussed.The results indicate that the fractures of the Niutitang and the second member of the Bianmachong(C-_1 b~2)formations are dominated by structural fractures and non-structural fractures respectively.Structural fractures are represented by high dipangle shearing,compresso/extensional-shear and low dip-angle slip fractures,and non-structural fractures are mainly interlayer and bedding fractures.The multi-stage tectonic movements and diagenesis make the fractures often taking complex superimposed forms and suffered multi-stage activation and modification.In addition,the development of the pores and fractures in cataclastic minerals on the slickensides can improve the porosity and permeability effectively.The fracture development is mainly affected by structural factors,lithology,mineral component,rock mechanical properties,TOC,etc.The fracture density is positively correlated with brittleness,and the TOC content is positively correlated with interlayer fracture(with calcite cements)density,which promotes the development of fractures with slickensides.Besides,the TOC,quartz content,brittleness and fracture density in the Longmaxi,Niutitang and C-_1 b~2 shales have good coupling relationships.Although the amounts of fracture in the Niutitang shales with excessive high TOC(>6.0%)have decreased due to the increase of ductility,the effectiveness of fractures has enhanced because of a larger proportion of compresso/extensional-shear and slip fractures with high effectiveness.The results provide reference significance for shale gas exploration and development in south China.

Keywords: shale;fracture;development characteristic;main controlling factor;lower Cambrian;Niutitang formation;Bianmachong formation;southeastern Guizhou area

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05036-002-001,2017ZX05036-004-001,2017ZX05036-004-007);; 中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发部项目(P17027-2)

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